Yoga

Yoga (Sanskrikan na devanāgarī: योग; “jɛɲɔgɔnya, jɔrɔnanko, fɛɛrɛ1”, “lafiɲɛ2”) ye Ɛnduw ka āstika hakilila ka lakɔliso wɔɔrɔ dɔ ye min ka laɲini ye hɔrɔnya ye (moksha). O ye kololi walima wale ye min bɛ kɛ waati ni waati caman na, min laɲini ye, hakilijakabɔ, asceticisme ani farikolo degeliw fɛ, ka hadamaden ka kelenya sɔrɔ a farikolo, hakili ani hakili ta fan fɛ4.

Yoga laada siraba naani (mārga) ye jnana yoga, bhakti yoga, karma yoga ani raja yoga ye. U ɲɛfɔlen don sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ Bhagavad-Gita. A bɛ san kɛmɛ 2nan ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C. ani san kɛmɛ 5nan min bɛ yoga hakilila kofɔ Yoga-sûtra kɔnɔ, sɛbɛn min bɛ tali kɛ Patañjali la, ani miiriya minnu bɛ yen, olu bɛɛ lajɛlen

Yoga daɲɛ bɛ fɔ bi, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la Tlebi jamanaw na, walasa ka jɔcogo yoga suguya dɔw jira (in) minnu bɛ bɔ hatha yoga la ka caya walima ka dɔgɔ, ani bi danfɛnw6. Nka hatha yoga, min ka sɛbɛn kɔrɔ dɔ, min sɛbɛnna san kɛmɛ tan ni duurunan na, o ye Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā ye, o ye yoga bolofara dɔrɔn de ye.

San 2014, ONU ye zuwɛnkalo tile 21 jate « Duniya Yoga don » ye, Ɛndujamana fasodenɲumanya minisiriɲɛmɔgɔ Narendra Modi7 ka ɲɛmɔgɔya kɔrɔ.

O wale ninnu ye kɔrɔfɔ suguya caman ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, u ɲɛsinnen bɛ u ka jagokɛcogo ma Tlebi diɲɛ kɔnɔ ani farati min bɛ se ka kɛ jɛkuluw ka bɔli ye.

A bɔyɔrɔ ni a bɔcogo

Yoga daɲɛ bɛ sɔrɔ Rig-Veda kɔnɔ, min dabɔcogo bɛ daminɛ san kɛmɛ 15nan ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C. ani san kɛmɛ tannan na Krisita tile ɲɛ. Nka, a tɛ kɛ hakili ta fan fɛ kololi kɔrɔ la, nka a bɛ kɛ kɔrɔ wɛrɛw la, i n’a fɔ wotoro, a ɲɔgɔnnaw, hali ni dɔw, i n’a fɔ Tara Michaël, bɛ o daɲɛw kɔrɔ fɔ kokura o kɔrɔ la8. A kofɔlen bɛ Upanishad laban dɔw dɔrɔn de la, i n’a fɔ Shvetashvatara-upanishad9. A bɛ san kɛmɛ 2nan ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C.

Daɲɛgafe siratigɛ la, daɲɛ "yoga" (devānagarī: योग) ye, sanskrikan na, cɛ tɔgɔ ye min jɔlen don ni barokun kanhakɛ -a 10 farali ye YUJ- ju la wale tɔgɔ min bɛ cɛya la caman na, o barokun. Ni a Taara degere guṇa la, YUJ- ju bɛ Kɛ YOJ- ye. Sanskrikan fɔcogo sariyaw b’a ɲini ka fɔ, ko dɔw la, palatal mankan j- kan guttural mankan g-11 fɔcogo yɔrɔ la.

O la, YUJ- radikali bɛ kɛ YOG- ye. O radikali in bɔra Ɛndu-Erɔpu daɲɛ *yugóm la, a yɛrɛ bɔra *yeug- ju la. Indo-Erɔpukan na i n’a fɔ denmusokan fanba la, nin daɲɛ in y’a kɔrɔ fɔlɔ mara min ye jɔli ye (misali la: yukan hitikan na, iugum latigɛkan na, یوغ Pɛrɛsikan na, a ɲɔgɔnnaw)12. YOG- o kɔfɛ, a bɛ sira Di bɔli fɔlɔ suguya wɛrɛw ma, o la, barokun tɔgɔlama yoga- ta fana bɛ yen.

Nka, Paninekaw ka daɲɛ jujɔw lajɛlen na, n’o ye dhatu-patha ye, ju wɛrɛ YUJ bɛ Di, o kɔrɔ ye ko "lafiɲɛ" (samadhi), o de bɛ To ɲɛfɔlikɛla Vyasa2 fɛ. I n’a fɔ Yoga-sutra ɲɛfɔli b’a sinsin cogo min na: “yoga ye hakili ka lamaga-lamagaliw jɔli ye (ka lafiɲɛ)”13.

Kɔrɔɲɔgɔnmaya

Sanskrikan daɲɛ YUJ- kɔrɔ ye “ka fɛnw minɛ, ka ɲɔgɔn fara ɲɔgɔn kan1” walima hali “ka lafiɲɛ, ka jɔ2”. Daɲɛ “yoga” kɔrɔ ninnu cɛma (kɔrɔɲɔgɔnmaya-yɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ) sanskrikan na: “1) wale min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw minɛ; 2) sow degecogo; 3) baarakɛcogo cikanw, fɛɛrɛ; 4) kololi alako ta fan fɛ; 5) raja-yoga (raja-yoga) ; 6) hatha yoga (hatha yoga) ; 7) jɛ-ka-baara walima kelenya cogoya min bɛ danfɛn subjectif ni sanfɛla la (ka kɛɲɛ ni Shrî Aurobindo ka fɔta ye)”14.

Shankara ka vedanta ka fanga kɔrɔ (dɔw cɛma), o ju in bɛna kɔrɔfɔ kokura "jɛɲɔgɔnya" kɔrɔ la atman ni brahman cɛ, k'a sɔrɔ Yoga-sutra fila-fila waati la, a bɛ bɛnbaliya kɔkɔrɔ, hakili ta fan fɛ monad (purusha) ka kan k'a yɛrɛ hɔrɔnya ka bɔ diɲɛ na k'a jɛya2.

O la, "yoga" daɲɛ kɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ Ɛndujamana na, wa a tɛ dan farikoloɲɛnajɛ walima hali hakilijakabɔ kɛcogo ma: ka kɛɲɛ ni kunnafonidilaw Mari Kock ka fɔ la, min ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli dɔ kɛ yoga tariku kan, "Siga t'a la, ko kɛlenw kɛra daɲɛ “yoga” min bɛ san ba caman sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ. Nka a kɔrɔ tun tɛ kelen ye fewu, a bɛ kɛlɛ kɛcogo dɔ jira yan, sow siricogo dɔ jira yen, yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la wale sugu dɔ.

Yogakɛla ye mun ye?

Naga Sadhus (Sadhu farilankolon) bɛ Ɛndujamana na san 2013

Ɛnduw ka jate la, yogi (Sanskrikan na IAST: yogī) walima yogi (musoman na, yogini) ye ascetic ye min bɛ yoga kɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ samnyâsin ye, sādhu walima guru. O kumasen tɛ baara dɔ jira, nka a bɛ cɛsiri sugu dɔ jira alako ta fan fɛ; a bɛ kɛ fana Budadiinɛ na16 walasa ka mɔgɔ jira min b’a yɛrɛ di hakili degeli ma17.

Tariku

Barokunba: Yoga tariku.

Bhairava, Shiva a ka cogo sirannin na.

San 1920 waatiw la, fɛnkɔrɔw ɲininikɛlaw ka kulu dɔ min ɲɛmɔgɔya tun bɛ John Marshall bolo, olu ye tiɲɛniw sɔrɔ Indus (bi Pakistan) baji da la, Mohenjo-Daro dugu kɔnɔ, o dugu tun bɛna sigi senkan san ba saba ka kɔn an ka waati ɲɛ. Fɛn minnu nana kɛnɛ kan o sɛgɛsɛgɛliw senfɛ, taamasiyɛn minnu ja jiralen don ni ja ye min sigilen bɛ senw tigɛlen na min b’a jira ko hatha-yoga jɔcogo (asana) bɛ yen, olu ye sɔsɔli lawuli, k’a sɔrɔ dannaya dɔɔnin ma kɛ o ko in kan., a bɛ se ka kɛ ko yoga tun bɛ waati janba dɔ la ka kɔn kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛn min tun dalen bɛ a la, Indus-Sarasvati siwili kɔnɔ18.

Ka kɛɲɛ ni Aryanw ka binkanni ka tesis ye, san kɛmɛ tan ni wolonwulanan lamini na Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C., Aryanw tun bɛna don Panjab19 kɔnɔ, ka na n’u ka siwili ye min kofɔlen don Vedas kɔnɔ, Ɛndu diinɛ ju min na yoga bɛna nɔrɔ min na. U b’u yɛrɛ su Ɛndujamana woroduguyanfan jamanadenw ka laadalakow la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la yoga kɛcogo, dɔw ka fɔ la, o tun bɛna kɛ fɔlɔ Indukaw cɛma20. Sisan fɛnkɔrɔw dɔnbagaw ni tariku dɔnbagaw b’a jate ko Sarasvati jalen, k’a sababu kɛ waati cogoya ye, o ye Indus siwili jamanadenw wajibiya ka taa kɔrɔn fɛ.

O waati laadalakow kama, “Formula fɔli ka ca ni kumakan-mago sugu dɔ daminɛni ye, sanni ka tiɲɛ dafalen sugu dɔ fɔ21”. O lafilili min bɛ mɔgɔ janto kosɛbɛ, o bɛ Sɔrɔ mantra-yoga la, wa jateminɛ min bɛ Kɛ taamaʃyɛn na, o bɛ Sɔrɔ bolow jɔyɔrɔw la minnu bɛ mudrâ, minnu bɛ kodɔn ani minnu ye taamaʃyɛn ye. Nka, Ɛndu dɔnnikɛla fanba b’a jate ko Veda bɛ bɔ san kɛmɛ tan ni duurunan na Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C.

San kɛmɛ wolonwulanan lamini na Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C., Upaniṣad ye Vɛda jirali sɛbɛn kulu sabanan ni laban ye. Yan, metafiziki dusudon bɛ liturji ka sɛrɛkili dantigɛlen tigɛ, ka bɔ bɛnkanw na ka taa bɛnkanw na, a bɛ wuli ka taa tiɲɛ sanfɛla la22: ni kelen-kelen (ātman) ni diɲɛ ni (brahman) danfara 19, barokun min bɛna ta san ba kelen o kɔfɛ, yoga kɔrɔ Vɛdantiki la.

San kɛmɛda 4nan lamini na Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C. Yoga Sūtra (Y.S.)23 ani Bhagavad-Gītā sɛbɛnna, u bɛna kɛ yoga ka ɲɛfɔli sɛbɛnw ye.

yoga ka sutra

O suite min ye aphorisme 195 ye, o codifié san kɛmɛ 2nan lamini na Krisita tile ɲɛ. AD min kɛra Patañjali fɛ. A bɛ kuma hadamaden kɔnɔna na ani fɛɛrɛw kan minnu bɛ se ka waleya walasa k’i yɛrɛ hɔrɔnya ka bɔ nescience (अविद्या avidyā) la, ka tɔɔrɔ lase mɔgɔ ma. Yoga Sūtra24 bɛ yoga kɛcogo kofɔ sapitiri naani kɔnɔ:

Sapitiri fɔlɔ, Kelenya kan25: Samādhi pāda.

Sutra fɔlɔ min tɔgɔ ye ko “Wa sisan, yoga kalanni filɛ nin ye”26, o kɔrɔ fɔra ɲɛfɔlikɛlaw fɛ ko a bɛ tali kɛ matigi-kalandenw ka cakɛda la min bɛ mɔgɔw lase mɔgɔw ma. nin tilayɔrɔba in bɛ yoga kuntilenna ɲɛfɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ27 min tɛ kɛ ni kabako tɛ tubabukan mɔgɔw la minnu delila ka âsana (jɔyɔrɔ) kɛcogo dɔrɔn dɔn: Patañjali fɛ, o ye hakilijagabɔ dabila ye28 min bɛ ego min tara Yɛrɛ kama29, o ka tɔɔrɔ ni o ɲagami lawuli. O kɔfɛ, a bɛ gɛlɛyaw n’u kunbɛncogo jira: a laban na, a bɛ misali dɔ jira, ka samadhi taabolo danfaralenw ɲɛfɔ.

Sura II, Taama kan: Sādhana pāda.

Nin tilayɔrɔba in bɛ tɔɔrɔ sababuw bɔ kɛnɛ kan ani ka danfara jira iko bɔyɔrɔ. Walasa ka danfara yiriwa, Ashtanga yoga sira 8 labatoli waati kelen na, o bɛ kɛ yoga kɛcogo jusigilanw ye.

Sura II, Taama kan: Sādhana pāda.

Nin tilayɔrɔba in bɛ tɔɔrɔ sababuw bɔ kɛnɛ kan ani ka danfara jira iko bɔyɔrɔ. Walasa ka danfara yiriwa, Ashtanga yoga sira 8 labatoli waati kelen na, o bɛ kɛ yoga kɛcogo jusigilanw ye.

1- yama : ka jogoɲumanya baara fɔlɔw kɛ mɔgɔ wɛrɛw la ka fara i yɛrɛ kan.

2- niyama : ka kololi ani ka i yɛrɛ suman don o don walew la.

3- āsana : ka jɔ cogo sabatilen na; Patañjali tɛ kuma waati si la jɔyɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ kan, a sigilen tɛ, a jɔlen tɛ.

4- Prāṇāyāma: ka kɛ ninakili dɔnni ye; Patañjali tɛ Prāṇāyāma si ɲɛfɔ ka ɲɛ, wa a tɛ kuma ninakili kunbɛnni kan abada.

5- pratyāhāra : dusukunnataw faamuyali ni fɛn faamuyalen faranfasicogo dɔnni.

O anga (yɔrɔ) duuru ninnu de ye hatha-yoga jɔnjɔnw ye.

Sapitiri sabanan, Fanga: Vibhūti pāda.

A saba labanw ɲɛfɔli:

6- dhāraṇā : ka i hakili to i hakili la, ka i sinsin yɔrɔ kelen kan.

7- dhyāna : hakilijakabɔ jugu, ka dusukunnataw doncogo bɛɛ labɛn fɛn faamuyalen dusukun na (aw ye hakilijakabɔ lajɛ).

8- samādhi: hakilijakabɔ jugu, fɛnw ni ko kɛlenw faamuyali minnu tɛ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka projesiyɔn si kɔfɛ.

O kɔfɛ, nin tilayɔrɔba in bɛ fanga kabakomaw sɔrɔli lawuli (siddhi), ka lasɔmi ko o fanga ɲinini bɛ se ka kɛ bali ye.

Sapitiri IV, Hɔrɔnya kan: Kaivalya pāda.

Karma ni fila-fila jirali, o kɔfɛ ka bɔ fila-fila la ka taa kelenya la. O ye barokunw bɛɛ daminɛni jugu ye minnu bɔra kɛnɛ kan kaban ka ɲɛsin danfara laban ma min bɛ taa ni hɔrɔnya ye.

Bhagavad-Gita ye baara kɛ

Filozofi labɛn bɛ dafa Bhagavad-Gītā fɛ, o ye sɛbɛn nafama ye Ɛndu diinɛ miirili la30, min bɛ yoga siraw danfaralenw n’u ka filozofiw ɲɛfɔ. N’a sɔrɔla a sɛbɛnna san kɛmɛ 5nan ni san kɛmɛ 2nan cɛ Krisita tile ɲɛ. J.-C.31, sɛbɛn in “tɛ kelen ye, a bɛ nɔ suguya caman janfa30”. Bhagavad-Gītā bɛ Fɔ ka Kɛ sapitiri fitinin tan ni seegin ye, k'a yɛrɛ Kɛ Mahābhārata sapitiri dɔ ye. Sapitiri 2nan tɛmɛsira 48nan (Yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi “min sigira sen kan yoga la, i bɛ se ka wale kɛ”) ye yoga kɛcogo kɔrɔfɔcogo jɔnjɔn ye.

Ɛndiyɛn dɔnbaga Anne-Marie Esnoul ka fɔ la: “Sɛbɛn bɛɛ kɔnɔko minnu bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya kosɛbɛ, olu dɔ ye nafa ye min dira yoga ma, n’a bɛ tali kɛ kololi kelen-kelen kɔrɔ la: dusukunnataw ka kelenya, o kɔfɛ, miirili. Yan, yoga bɛ bɔnɛ a ka fɛɛrɛ kɔrɔ caman na walasa ka kɛ bhakti kɔrɔɲɔgɔnma ye. [...] Nin bato in min dilannen don ni hakilijagabɔ ye, min ɲɛsinnen bɛ kuntilenna kelen ma, o bɛna labɛn barokun damadɔw lamini na: sâmkhya dɔ ka miiriyaw min ma fɔlɔ ka fɛɛrɛ sigilen ta, an bɛna min ye san kɛmɛ nataw la, teoriw wale min bɛ kɛ “saraka” kɔrɔ la ani “wale ɲumanw30. »

Bi waati

San kɛmɛ 19nan cɛmancɛ la, tubabukan dɔnnikɛla dɔw ka baara kɛlenw faransikan na, olu y’a daminɛ ka baara kɛ ni yoga daɲɛ ye32,33.

San 1851, dɔgɔtɔrɔ N. C. Paul (en) ye Treatise on Yoga Philosophy34 bɔ tubabukan na, k’a kɛ a ɲinini ye ka dɔnniya taabolo dɔ kɛ o ko la35 (a lajɛ science of yoga (en)).

San 1893, yoga kɛra lakodɔnnenba ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la Ameriki jamana na diinɛw ka pariti ka kɛ sababu ye ka diɲɛ jirali kɛ Chicago, a siɲɛ fɔlɔ don Tlebi jamanaw ye "Endu mɔnikɛ" sɔrɔ, Vivekananda, Râmakrishna ka kalanden, min tun ye o dɔ ye san kɛmɛ tan ni kɔnɔntɔnnan Ɛndujamana hakili ta fan fɛ karamɔgɔbaw. A bɛna mɔgɔw bila ka miiri kosɛbɛ, wa a bɛna jɔli kɛ. San 1896, a ye gafe bɔ min tɔgɔ ye ko Raja Yoga (en), a ka Patañjali ka Yoga sūtra faamuyali bɛrɛbɛnna Tlebi jamanaw ma, o kɛra ɲɛtaa ye o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ, wa a bɛ se ka jate, ka kɛɲɛ ni Elizabeth De Michelis ka fɔ ye, ko bi yoga bɔyɔrɔ (en)

San kɛmɛ 20nan na, yoga i n’a fɔ a bɛ dɔn cogo min na bi Tlebi fɛ, o yiriwara ka kɛ jɔcogo yoga suguya caman ye. O cogo la, kunnafonisɛbɛndila Mari Kock ka fɔ la, ka tarikusɛbɛnnaw ka baara kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ, yoga « i n’a fɔ an b’a dɔn cogo min na - yoga jɔcogo jɛlen, n’a kalanni bɛ bɔ matigi la ka taa kalanden wɛrɛ la, wa a tɛ bɔ matigi la ka taa kalanden wɛrɛ la -, a tɛ kɛ tugun.» ka tɛmɛ san kɛmɛ kan. [...] Tiɲɛ na, jɔli fangama fɔlɔw bɛ bɔ san kɛmɛ tan ni duurunan dɔrɔn de la. Tle foli ta fan fɛ, jɔcogo ɲɔgɔn kɔ par excellence, a bɔra tiɲɛ na san kɛmɛ tan ni segin dɔrɔn de la. »

San 1924, Sri Tirumalai Krishnamacharia ye yoga kalanso dɔ sigi senkan min ye hatha-yoga misali ta i n’a fɔ a bɛ dɔn cogo min na Tlebi fɛ ani ka doncogo kɔsegin o wale in na k’a jira iko fɛɛrɛ min bɛ se ka hakili ta fan fɛ dusukunnataw sɔrɔ minnu, fɔlɔ , tun bɛ miiri ko a wajibiyalen don ka kɔn o ɲɛ38. Krishnamacharia ye lakɔli dɔ da wuli Mysore san 1924, tubabu farikoloɲɛnajɛ ladamu ni Suwɛdi farikoloɲɛnajɛw ye nɔ bila a la: a laɲini tun ye ka Ɛnduw ka “farikolo seko” dɔ da min bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni fɛn ye min tun bɛ Tlebi jamanaw na o waati la B. K. S. Iyengar, a ka kalanden dɔ, bɛna a yɛrɛ ka cogoya da, n’o ye Yoga Iyengar ye, wa a bɛna gafe bɔ san 1966, n’o ye Light on Yoga (en) ye min bɛna nɔba bila yoga jɔcogo jɛnsɛnni na Kalanden wɛrɛ, Pattabhi Jois, bɛna farikolo ni fanga Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga cogoya yiriwa min bɛna kɛ kosɛbɛ Tlebi jamanaw na40.

San 1924, master wɛrɛ, Paramahansa Yogananda, taara Los Angeles, a ye kalan kɛ Ameriki dugu caman na kabini a sera Boston san 192041. A ye jɛkulu sigi senkan Self-Realization Fellowship (in). A bɛ kalan min lase, kriya yoga, ani yogakɛla tɔw ta, o bɛna nɔba bila hippie tɔnba in na san 1960 waatiw la15.O kɔfɛ, yoga kɛra Ameriki ye, wa filozofi hakilina min ye “kisi” ye, o bilala a nɔ na minnu ka ca ni “kɛnɛya” ni “ɲɛnamaya” ye15. Yogananda ka Autobiography of a Yogi bɛna kɛ kɛlɛ kɔfɛ gafe ye min bɛ feere kosɛbɛ, min bɛna nɔ bila George Harrison na kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ani ka Beatles ka sigili latigɛ Ɛndujamana na san 1968 u ka hippie waati la42, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka ɲininkali kɛ yogi ka Ɛndujamana na Tlebi fan bɛɛ la. O ɲɛtaa kura in bɛna kɛ ni jɛgɛw ye minnu bɛ yoga kɛcogo lamini : guru minnu tɛ laadala kalan lakika si sɔrɔ, dɔnniya nkalonma ni waati kura kuma, wale minnu bɛ yɔrɔ jan ka taa a fɛ Ɛnduw ka gundolakow la walima minnu bɛ kɛ karikatɛriw ye diinɛkulu walima cɛnimusoya jiginni hukumu kɔnɔ, jagofɛnw kɛli, turisimu jamana

Tariku dɔnbaga Meera Nanda ka fɔ la, “bi yoga ye misali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye min bɛ diɲɛ danfɛn lakika jira, min kɔnɔ, kɔrɔnfɛla ni tilebinfɛla walew farala ɲɔgɔn kan walasa ka kalan dɔ lase min bonyalen don diɲɛ fan bɛɛ la. Ɛndu diinɛ, kɔrɔlen, cɛmancɛla waati walima bi, jo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen tɛ a la ka kɛ tigi ye san kɛmɛ 21nan na jɔcogo yoga kan. Ni an y’a fɔ cogo wɛrɛ la, o bɛna kɛ filiba ye. Dɔ wɛrɛw dalen b’a la ko yoga i n’a fɔ a bɛ kɛ cogo min na kosɛbɛ jamana dɔw la, o kɛra Tlebi farikolo kɛcogo caman ye i n’a fɔ kalistɛni walima san kɛmɛ 19nan laban farikoloɲɛnajɛ, min bɛ datugu sanfɛ ni kɔrɔnfɛ gundo dɔ ye min tɛmɛna san caman kɔnɔ germanic lebensreform filter

San 2014 desanburukalo la, Duniya Kelenyatɔnba ka lajɛba ye sariyasunba dɔ ta ni wote 177 ye min daminɛna Ɛndujamana minisiriɲɛmɔgɔ Narendra Modi fɛ (ka tugu Sri Sri Ravi Shankar ka hakilinata kɔ)45, min ye jamanadenw wele u ka dɛmɛ don “dugukolo kan yoga don” hakilina ma, on Zuwɛnkalo tile 21, walasa ka “yoga kɛcogo nafaw yiriwa”. Kunnafonidila Mari Kock ka fɔ la, nin wale in b’a to Ɛndu fanga, fasodenɲumanya siratigɛ la, ka se ka wale dɔ sɔrɔ kokura min bɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ sisan, nka sanko o bɛɛ, a kɛtɔ ka wale dɔ yiriwa min bɛ fɔ ko a hakili tɛ to a la, walasa ka « Ɛndujamana ka Ɛnduw ka yɔrɔ bonya Kalo tɛmɛnen na, Modi ye Yoga minisiriso dɔ sigi senkan Ɛndujamana kɔnɔ (min ka danbe bɛ taa Ɛnduw ka laadala furaw fana na: Ayurveda, Unani ani Siddha, omɛopati ni naturopathi fana bɛ o la - Erɔpu kalan fila minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la, minnu dabɔra kɔsa in na) Modi ka yoga seginni in in bɛ jalaki kɛlɛcɛw fɛ minnu b’a ye ko politiki baara bɛ kɛ ni propagande ye48.

Filɛsofi ka fɛɛrɛ

Yoga ye Ɛnduw ka āstika hakilila (minnu bɛ veda fanga dɔn) ka hakilina wɔɔrɔ (darśana) dɔ ye. U bɛ baara Kɛ fla-fla: nyāya ni vaiśeṣika, sāṃkhya ni yoga, mīmāṃsā ani vedānta. O darśana ninnu jatera ko nafamaw ye walasa ka tiɲɛ yecogo dafalen sɔrɔ. Tiɲɛ na, nin dɔnniya sira wɔɔrɔ ninnu sigili ɲɔgɔn kan, o de bɛna a to an bɛ se ka a bɛɛ minɛ « n’an bɛ ja dɔ lajɛ ka bɔ yɔrɔw la minnu tɛ kelen ye sanni an ka se ka hakilina bɛɛ lajɛlen dɔ sigi a kan »51.

Ka bɔ Sāṃkhya52 la, n’o ye fila-fila ni Ala dɔnbali sigicogo ye, yoga bɛ juru ta hakilinata-fɛn caman na i n’a fɔ: Puruṣa53, Prakṛti ani guṇa54.

« Min tora dɔnbaliya siratigɛ la, o ye gɛlɛya duuru55 ka bɔnɛ ye minnu ye dɔnbaliya, ego, nɔrɔli fɛn caman na i n’a fɔ a yɛrɛ ka hakilinaw, a yɛrɛ gɛnni ani saya siran56.

Fasiriw bɛ Kɛ Tlebi fɛ

Yoga laɲini ka kɛɲɛ ni tubabukan miiriya ye, o ye bɛnkan ɲinini ye, farikolo ni hakili ka kelenya. Patañjali fɛ, o fana ye hakili caman caman cili dabila ye (citta), minnu ye karma sɔrɔyɔrɔw ye. O cogoya in ye sisan waati dɔ ye, wa a bɛ se ka sɔrɔ hadamaden bɛɛ fɛ. “Yoga dusukun na, cikan nafama dɔ bɛ yen : hadamaden bɛɛ bɛ balan a yɛrɛ la ani a dafalen don bawo Yɛrɛ 57 tɛ se ka tiɲɛ walima ka tiɲɛ. Nin ye an ka danbe ye, wa yoga ye sira ye min b se ka nin kɔnɔnafɛn in dɔn kosɛbɛ, n’o ye Yɛrɛ ye."58 o b’a to an bɛ se ka wale kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni an magow ye, an ka ŋaniyaw ani nafaw ye minnu ka di an ye kosɛbɛ.Kɛnɛma , a b’an kalan k’an farikolo barika bonya, k’an farikolo lafiya ani k’an balan ani ka hɛrɛ ni hakilijagabɔ sɔrɔ fɛn dɔ kan.A laban na, a fɔra ko yoga bɛ na ni an ka cogoya lakika dɔnni ye tigitigi.

Yoga ye hakilitigiya ye min tɛ danfara bɔ: dannaya bɛɛ, hali diinɛko walima hadamadenya ta fan fɛ, bɛ se k’u jate sɔrɔ yen. Nka, yoga tɛ diinɛ ye. Yoga bɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya, diinɛ sugandili60 walima u kana61 to bonya la. Min nafa ka bon, o ye hakiliɲagami dabila ye: mɔgɔ wɛrɛw bonya, hɛrɛ ni fariyabaliya (walima Ahimsa).

Jean Varenne, Faransi Indologist, y’a sɛbɛn san 1971 a ka yoga Upanishadw daminɛ na, ko “Yoga min kɛra kɔsa in na Tlebi fɛ” bɛ ɲinɛ a ka metafiziki ni filozofi jusigilanw kɔ walasa k’a farikolo fanw dɔrɔn mara :

“An ye yɔrɔw dɔrɔn de mara minnu bɛ wele ko “walekɛcogo” (farikolo farikoloɲɛnajɛ, ninakili sumaya) [...] walasa ka “to cogo la”. An k’an hakili To a la fana ko nin taamaʃyɛnw (sigi senw tigɛli, ninakili dɔɔnin dɔɔnin) tɛ fosi ye Yoga lakika siratigɛ la n’a ma kɔn u ɲɛ ni kololiw (yama ni niyama) labatoli gɛlɛn ye ani n’u ma yamaruya ka ɲinini kɛ kaivalya cogoya min bɛ sɔrɔ dusukunnataw bɔli fɛ ani miirili tiɲɛni fɛ. Nka sanko o bɛɛ la Yoga tɛ foyi ye n’a ma ye diɲɛ hakilina dɔ bɛɛ lajɛlen na (darshana) min tɛ se ka tigɛtigɛ ka “labɛn”. A ka fisa k’a kalan a yɛrɛ ye ani ka se ka sɛbɛnw sɔrɔ tigitigi. »

— Jean Varenne, Yoga Upanishadw62. Bamako, Mali.

Kuma bɛɛ la, yoga i n’a fɔ a miirila cogo min na ani a kɛra cogo min na Tlebi fɛ kabini san kɛmɛ 20nan na, a ni Ɛnduw ka laadalakow bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo min na15 (aw ye yɔrɔ “Bi waati” lajɛ sanfɛ).

Degeli

Yoga siraw ni cogoya caman bɛ yen minnu bɛ tali kɛ mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka laɲiniw danfaralenw na ani an ka cogoya fan suguya caman na. Laadalata siraba naani bɛ o siraw Lajɛ.

Sira kelen kɔnɔ (मार्ग, mārga), jikuru suguya wɛrɛw bɛ Se ka Kɛ. Yogakɛla min dɔnna ko a ye kalan kɛcogo dɔ dɔn kosɛbɛ, o bɛ se k’a latigɛ ka yoga kalanso dɔ sigi sen kan. O danfara in tɛ barikantanya walima bɛnbaliya taamasyɛn ye, nka a bɛ kɛ bɛɛ ka jigiya suguya camanba jaabi ye.

Yoga tɛ elitist wale ye wa a bɛ ladamu a kɛbaga kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Ni ɲɔgɔndan hakili ni laɲini si tɛ a la, mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ bɛ se k’a yɛrɛ bila o la, a si hakɛ, jamana, diinɛ, banabagatɔ walima kɛnɛya, a ɲɔgɔnnaw.63,64.

O cogo la, 2017 sàn, Faransi tùn bɛ ni baarakɛla miliyɔn 2,5 ɲɔgɔn ye. A jatera musow ka kalan ye kabini tuma jan, wa a bɛ kɛ mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw fɛ kosɛbɛ, yoga bɛ ka kɛ demokarasi ye ka taa a fɛ, wa a bɛ baarakɛla kuraw sama san o san65. O cogo la, an b’a ye ko yoga kalanw cogoya bɛ lamɛnnikɛla kuraw ye i n’a fɔ denmisɛnw walima musokɔnɔmaw.

Laadalata sira naani

Laadalata siraba naani bɛ Se ka o siraw Lajɛ. A bɛ se ka kɛ ka tugu u kɔ ɲɔgɔn fɛ walima u danma:

jnana yoga, yoga sira min ka laɲini ye ka dɔnniya SIMPKB tɛmɛnen sɔrɔ;

bhakti yoga, o ye bato yoga sira ye;

karma yoga, baara ni yɛrɛdɔnbaliya yoga sira. O yoga saba minnu bɛ sanfɛ, olu bɛ kɛ trimarga ye, walima yeelen sira. Fɛɛrɛ dɔ tun bɛna sɔrɔ min bɛna nin ascetices saba ninnu fara ɲɔgɔn kan kokura kelen na ani min tun bɛna kɛ u ɲɛfɛ. O cogo la, madhyama marga tun bɛna kɛ cɛmancɛ sira sɔrɔyɔrɔ ye, Budadiinɛ ni Zen bɛ bɔ min na ;

rāja yoga, yoga sira min lawulila yoga sutraw fɛ minnu sɛbɛnna Patañjali fɛ, o yoga sira in bɛ taa ɲɛ kosɛbɛ hakilijakabɔ fɛ (dhyana). A bɛ jate fana i n’a fɔ yoga “integral” walima “royal” min bɛ yoga saba tɛmɛnenw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni Hatha-Yoga ye.